Article Types & Manuscript Preparation

Original research articles should communicate a clearly defined scholarly contribution supported by appropriate evidence.

A research manuscript should normally identify the research problem or question, establish its relationship to relevant literature, describe the methods or analytical approach, present findings accurately, interpret those findings critically, and explain the contribution and limitations of the study.

Claims should remain proportionate to the study design, evidence, sample, dataset, assumptions, analytical procedures, and limitations.

Methods should be described with sufficient detail to permit meaningful assessment and, where appropriate, replication or reproducibility.

Case-based manuscripts should establish why the case is scholarly significant and what can reasonably be learned from it.

The manuscript should provide sufficient contextual information, describe the relevant observations or evidence, discuss the case in relation to existing knowledge, and avoid conclusions that exceed what can reasonably be inferred from the case.

Where identifiable individuals, clinical information, images, confidential organisational information, or other protected material are involved, authors must comply with applicable ethical, consent, privacy, and publication-permission requirements.

The manuscript title should accurately represent the principal subject and contribution of the work.

Titles should normally be concise, specific, informative, and understandable to the intended scholarly audience.

Authors should avoid unsupported claims of novelty, superiority, universality, certainty, or impact in the title.

Where the study design is important to interpretation, the article type or study design may be identified in the title when appropriate to disciplinary reporting practice.

Authors should provide relevant keywords where required by the journal.

Keywords should represent important concepts, methods, materials, populations, technologies, phenomena, or subject areas addressed in the manuscript.

Keywords should be selected for accurate scholarly discovery rather than unrelated promotional or search-engine purposes.

The methods section should provide sufficient information for reviewers and readers to evaluate how the study was designed, conducted, and analysed.

Relevant details may include study design, sampling, inclusion and exclusion criteria, materials, datasets, instruments, experimental conditions, software, algorithms, model configuration, statistical methods, evaluation procedures, validation methods, and ethical approvals.

Established methods may be cited appropriately, but material modifications should be described clearly.

Authors should avoid withholding methodological information that is necessary for meaningful assessment of the reported conclusions, subject to legitimate ethical, legal, privacy, security, or proprietary restrictions.

The discussion should interpret the findings in relation to the study objectives, relevant literature, and broader scholarly context.

Authors should distinguish evidence directly supported by the study from possible explanations, future hypotheses, or broader speculation.

Material limitations and uncertainty should be reported transparently.

Conclusions should follow logically from the evidence presented and should avoid unsupported generalisation or exaggerated claims of effectiveness, superiority, novelty, or impact.

Tables should present information in a clear, interpretable, and non-redundant manner.

Each table should have an informative title and should define abbreviations, units, statistical symbols, and other information necessary for interpretation.

Values presented in tables should correspond with the manuscript text and underlying analysis.

Tables reproduced or adapted from another source should contain appropriate acknowledgement and permission information where required.

References should acknowledge relevant prior scholarship and provide sufficient bibliographic information to identify the cited source.

Authors are responsible for verifying the accuracy of author names, article titles, publication titles, year, volume, issue, page or article number, DOI, and other citation information where applicable.

References should be selected because they are genuinely relevant to the manuscript. Irrelevant, coercive, excessive, honorary, reciprocal, or manipulated citation practices are not acceptable.

Authors should follow the citation and reference style specified by the individual journal.

Where relevant to the article type and discipline, manuscripts should identify important datasets, software, code, computational environments, experimental materials, or other resources necessary to understand the reported work.

Authors should provide persistent repository identifiers, accession numbers, software versions, dataset versions, or other appropriate identifiers where available and relevant.

A data availability statement should be provided where required by the journal. Legitimate restrictions relating to privacy, ethics, security, intellectual property, confidentiality, or applicable law may be identified transparently.

Manuscripts involving research that requires ethical, regulatory, institutional, or other formal approval should include appropriate approval information.

Where required, authors should identify the responsible ethics committee, institutional review body, regulatory authority, or other approving organisation together with relevant approval information.

Appropriate informed consent, consent for publication, anonymisation, privacy protection, and animal-welfare information should be reported where applicable.

Authors should not include personally identifying or confidential information unless its publication is ethically and legally justified and all necessary permissions have been obtained.

Manuscripts should be written in clear, professional, and comprehensible scholarly language appropriate to the intended international or disciplinary readership of the selected journal.

Terminology, abbreviations, spelling conventions, symbols, units, capitalisation, and technical expressions should be consistent throughout the manuscript.

Authors who use professional or automated language-editing assistance remain responsible for the accuracy and meaning of the final manuscript.

Language-editing services do not guarantee peer review, acceptance, publication, indexing, or any particular editorial outcome.

Where a journal operates a single-anonymised, double-anonymised, open, or another recognised peer-review model, authors should prepare manuscript files in accordance with that journal's stated procedure.

For a review model requiring author anonymity, identifying information may need to be removed from the review manuscript and supplied separately through the title page or OJS metadata.

Authors should also check file properties, acknowledgements, self-identifying statements, supplementary files, and other material where these could unintentionally disclose identity under the applicable review model.

Information entered into the online submission system should correspond with the manuscript.

Authors should carefully verify the article title, abstract, keywords, author names, authorship order, affiliations, countries, corresponding-author details, funding information, references, and other requested metadata before completing submission.

Accurate metadata supports attribution, DOI registration, scholarly discovery, linking, repository exchange, and downstream indexing.

Where revision is invited, authors should address editorial and reviewer comments carefully and provide the response documentation requested by the journal.

Revised manuscripts should remain internally consistent after changes have been made. Authors should review the abstract, main text, tables, figures, equations, references, conclusions, supplementary material, and declarations for consequential changes.

Where authors disagree with a reviewer recommendation, a clear scholarly explanation may be provided rather than making a change that the authors believe would reduce the accuracy or integrity of the manuscript.

Manuscript preparation should be considered together with the broader publication requirements of the selected journal. Authors should review the applicable policies concerning:

Author Guidelines & Submission Checklist; Publication Ethics & Research Integrity; Peer Review & Editorial Process; AI & Generative AI Use; Editorial Independence & Conflict of Interest; Open Access, Copyright & Licensing; and Post-Publication Corrections & Retractions.

Where a journal-specific formatting requirement differs from a general publisher-level preparation recommendation, authors should follow the current journal-specific instruction, provided that it remains consistent with publisher-level research-integrity requirements.

Journal-specific preparation questions

Questions concerning article type, manuscript structure, word limits, templates, references, figures, tables, supplementary files, reporting requirements, or submission procedures should normally be directed to the editorial office of the journal to which the manuscript will be submitted.

Publisher-level enquiries concerning manuscript-preparation requirements may be directed to:

Macaw Publications
H.No. 4-123/8/172, Road No. 1, Indraprastha Colony,
Hathiguda, Hayath Nagar, Hyderabad,
Telangana – 501505, India

Email: publisher@macawpublications.com