DOI & Crossref Services

Macaw Publications supports persistent identification, reliable scholarly linking, accurate bibliographic metadata, and long-term maintenance of published research through Digital Object Identifier (DOI) services.

Eligible scholarly content published by participating Macaw Publications journals may be assigned Digital Object Identifiers using the Crossref DOI prefix 10.70162. DOI registration is accompanied by bibliographic metadata intended to identify, connect, and support continued discovery of the scholarly work.

Persistent Identification • Metadata Quality • Reliable Linking • Long-Term Stewardship

POLICY PURPOSE

Persistent Identification of Scholarly Content

The purpose of this page is to explain the publisher-level principles governing DOI assignment, registration, metadata deposit, DOI resolution, metadata correction, persistent linking, and long-term maintenance of DOI records associated with Macaw Publications journals.

DOI services are intended to improve reliable identification and linking of scholarly content even when the location of the content changes over time.

DOI registration forms part of the publisher's scholarly metadata infrastructure and should be managed as a continuing responsibility rather than as a one-time technical activity.

DOI PREFIX

Macaw Publications DOI Prefix

Crossref DOI Prefix: 10.70162

The prefix forms the first publisher-associated component of a DOI assigned to eligible scholarly content under the applicable DOI registration arrangement.

A complete DOI combines the prefix with a unique suffix assigned to the individual scholarly object.

General DOI structure:
10.70162/[unique-suffix]

The existence of the prefix does not by itself mean that every Macaw Publications journal or every item published by the publisher automatically has a registered DOI. A DOI should be displayed for an item only when the applicable DOI has actually been registered for that scholarly object.

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER

What a DOI Provides

A Digital Object Identifier provides a persistent identifier for a registered scholarly object.

The DOI remains associated with that object even when the content moves to another web address, publishing platform, or responsible publishing organisation, provided that the associated metadata and destination information are maintained appropriately.

The DOI therefore helps establish a stable connection between the scholarly object, its bibliographic metadata, and its current online location.

REGISTRATION

When a DOI Becomes Active

Creating or displaying a DOI-like string is not sufficient to establish a registered DOI.

A DOI becomes operational when the identifier and its associated metadata are successfully registered through the applicable Crossref content-registration process.

DOI registration should therefore be verified before the identifier is treated as an active persistent identifier in the final publication record.

CONTENT REGISTRATION

Scholarly Content That May Receive a DOI

DOI assignment depends on the publication model and registration practices applicable to the individual journal and content type.

Research Articles

Formally published original scholarly research.

Review Articles

Formally published scholarly review and synthesis articles.

Editorial Content

Editorial or other journal material may receive a DOI where the journal's registration practice provides for persistent identification of that content type.

Not every content type is required to receive a DOI merely because it appears on a journal website. DOI assignment should follow a consistent and documented journal-level registration practice.

IDENTIFIER INTEGRITY

One Persistent DOI for the Registered Scholarly Object

Every DOI must be unique.

Once a DOI has been registered for a scholarly object, that DOI should continue to identify the same object and should not be reassigned to unrelated content.

Duplicate DOI registration for the same Version of Record should be avoided unless a specific scholarly infrastructure requirement legitimately provides otherwise.

DOI CONSTRUCTION

DOI Suffix Management

The suffix is the unique component that follows the DOI prefix.

DOI suffixes should be created consistently and in a manner that prevents duplication within the publisher's DOI registration environment.

Where the journal's OJS and Crossref integration generates DOI suffixes automatically, the technical configuration should be reviewed to ensure that identifiers remain unique and consistent.

Once registered, a DOI should be treated as persistent rather than redesigned merely because bibliographic information, journal URLs, or publication systems later change.

CROSSREF METADATA

Accurate Bibliographic Metadata

DOI registration should be supported by accurate bibliographic metadata that describes the scholarly object being registered.

High-quality metadata supports citation matching, persistent linking, discovery, attribution, and connections between scholarly records.

Metadata should therefore be checked carefully before registration and corrected when material errors are later identified.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD

Metadata Elements

Depending on the article and metadata schema, relevant metadata may include:

Journal title.

ISSN or eISSN.

Article title.

Author and contributor names.

Institutional affiliations where available.

ORCID iDs where supplied and applicable.

Publication dates.

Volume and issue information where applicable.

Pages or article number where applicable.

Abstract where available.

References where supported and available.

Funding information where applicable.

URL of the scholarly object's landing page.

METADATA QUALITY

Complete, Consistent and Trustworthy Records

Article metadata entered in OJS, displayed on the article page, included in the published article, and deposited through DOI infrastructure should be materially consistent.

Particular attention should be given to author names, affiliations, article title, journal title, publication date, volume, issue, article number or pages, and DOI.

Metadata should not be altered merely to create misleading author affiliations, publication dates, citation relationships, or indexing characteristics.

DOI DESTINATION

Stable Article Landing Page

A DOI should resolve to an appropriate landing page for the registered scholarly object.

The landing page should enable readers to identify the article and obtain appropriate access to its scholarly and bibliographic information.

Article title.

Author information.

Abstract.

Journal and publication information.

DOI.

Full-text access where applicable.

Correction, retraction, or other article-status information where applicable.

DOI DISPLAY

Display DOIs as Persistent Links

Registered DOIs should be displayed in a clear, functional, and persistent link format wherever appropriate.

Recommended format:
https://doi.org/10.70162/[registered-suffix]

DOI links should be checked to ensure that they resolve to the intended scholarly content.

VERSION OF RECORD

DOI Display in Published Articles

Where a DOI has been assigned and registered, the identifier should be displayed consistently in the published article and relevant article metadata.

Authors and readers should be able to identify the DOI readily when viewing the Version of Record.

The DOI displayed in the article should correspond exactly with the DOI registered for that scholarly object.

PERSISTENCE

The DOI Remains with the Scholarly Object

A registered DOI is intended to remain persistent.

Changes in domain name, hosting provider, article URL, OJS installation, journal ownership, or publishing platform should not normally result in replacement of an existing valid DOI.

Instead, the DOI destination and associated metadata should be updated so that the existing identifier continues to resolve appropriately.

LINK MAINTENANCE

Updating DOI Destinations

When journal content moves to a new URL or platform, the registered DOI destination should be updated rather than abandoning the DOI or creating an unnecessary replacement identifier.

DOI resolution should be checked following major OJS migrations, domain changes, journal transfers, server changes, or other technical modifications that affect article URLs.

METADATA MAINTENANCE

Correcting DOI Metadata

DOI metadata may require correction or enrichment after initial registration.

Appropriate updates may include corrections to author information, article title, publication details, affiliations, URLs, licence information, funding information, references, or other metadata where the registered record is incomplete or inaccurate.

Metadata correction should preserve the continuity of the DOI rather than creating a new DOI merely because the metadata has been improved.

POST-PUBLICATION RECORD

Corrections, Retractions and DOI Continuity

A retraction, correction, or other post-publication action does not ordinarily justify deleting or silently replacing the DOI of the affected article.

The article's persistent identifier and publication history should be maintained so that readers can understand the status of the scholarly record.

Where appropriate, metadata and article landing pages should identify or link relevant correction, retraction, Expression of Concern, or other formal publication notice.

IDENTIFIER ERRORS

Handling Incorrect DOI Registration

DOI registration should be checked carefully because a registered DOI is designed to remain persistent.

If an identifier has been registered incorrectly, the matter should be handled through the appropriate DOI correction or aliasing procedure rather than assuming that the original DOI can simply be erased.

Duplicate or erroneous DOI registration should be investigated promptly to minimise confusion in the scholarly record.

CITATION CONNECTIONS

References and Scholarly Linking

Accurate reference metadata strengthens connections between scholarly publications.

Where technically and operationally supported, reference lists should be included in DOI metadata so that scholarly relationships can be identified and used by metadata and discovery services.

References should not be fabricated, manipulated, or deposited inaccurately merely to affect citation indicators.

CONTRIBUTOR METADATA

Author Identification and Affiliations

Accurate contributor metadata supports attribution and discovery.

Author names should be entered carefully and persistent researcher identifiers such as ORCID iDs may be included where supplied and supported by the journal workflow.

Institutional affiliations should be recorded accurately and should reflect genuine author relationships with the stated institutions.

RIGHTS METADATA

Copyright and Licence Information

Where appropriate and technically supported, DOI metadata should include accurate rights and licence information associated with the scholarly publication.

Licence metadata should correspond with the actual licence displayed by the journal and published article.

Metadata should not identify an article as having a particular Open Access licence where that licence has not genuinely been applied.

OJS INTEGRATION

DOI Management Through Open Journal Systems

Macaw Publications journals are managed through Open Journal Systems (OJS).

Where appropriately configured, OJS can support DOI assignment, DOI display, metadata preparation, and Crossref registration workflows.

Technical automation does not remove the responsibility to verify article metadata, DOI uniqueness, successful registration, and correct DOI resolution.

DOI-related plugins and integrations should be configured and maintained carefully as part of the journal's publishing infrastructure.

IMPORTANT DISTINCTION

Crossref DOI Registration Is Not Selective Journal Indexing

DOI infrastructure and journal indexing perform different functions.

Registration of DOIs and metadata through Crossref does not mean that the journal has been evaluated or selected for inclusion in Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, or another independent selective journal database.

Macaw Publications therefore distinguishes DOI registration from journal indexing and abstracting status.

Preferred wording:
“DOIs registered through Crossref.”

Avoid:
“Crossref Indexed.”

TRANSPARENCY

A DOI Is Not a Journal Quality Certification

The assignment of a DOI should not be represented as accreditation, peer-review certification, journal ranking, impact-factor recognition, or endorsement by an indexing organisation.

Journal quality remains dependent on the journal's actual editorial practices, peer review, research integrity, publication standards, scholarly contribution, and transparent governance.

INDEXING TRANSPARENCY

DOIs Do Not Guarantee Future Indexing

Having a DOI does not guarantee acceptance of a journal or article by a particular indexing, abstracting, citation, or discovery database.

Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, and other external services make their own independent decisions concerning journal evaluation, selection, coverage, and continuing inclusion.

DOI assignment should therefore never be marketed to authors as a guarantee of future indexing.

JOURNAL TRANSFER

Preserving Existing DOIs During Journal Changes

Where a journal is transferred legitimately to another publisher, platform, owner, or responsible organisation, existing DOIs should remain connected with their registered scholarly objects.

Transfer planning should include DOI ownership or stewardship, metadata maintenance, landing-page continuity, article URLs, publication history, and post-publication notices where applicable.

A publisher change should not be used as a reason to issue unnecessary replacement DOIs for established Versions of Record.

PRESERVATION

DOI Persistence and Digital Preservation

Persistent identification and long-term digital preservation are complementary but different responsibilities.

A DOI can maintain a persistent connection to content, but DOI registration alone should not be treated as a complete digital preservation system.

Long-term content preservation should therefore be addressed through the applicable Digital Preservation Policy and verified journal-level preservation arrangements.

JOURNAL-LEVEL TRANSPARENCY

What Each Journal Should Display

Where a Macaw Publications journal assigns DOIs, its website should provide accurate DOI information relevant to that journal.

The applicable DOI registration arrangement.

DOI prefix information where appropriate.

Registered DOI on each applicable article landing page.

Registered DOI in the applicable Version of Record.

Functional DOI links.

Accurate article metadata associated with DOI registration.

Clear distinction between DOI registration and indexing status.

QUALITY CHECK

Before Publishing a DOI

✓

The DOI is unique to the intended scholarly object.

✓

The DOI and associated metadata have been registered successfully.

✓

The DOI resolves to the correct article landing page.

✓

Journal title and ISSN information are accurate.

✓

Article title is accurate.

✓

Author names and authorship order are accurate.

✓

Publication date and bibliographic details are accurate.

✓

The DOI displayed in the PDF and article page corresponds with the registered DOI.

✓

The DOI has not been described inaccurately as selective journal indexing.

ONGOING MAINTENANCE

DOI Stewardship Continues After Publication

DOI administration does not end when an article is published.

DOI resolution, landing pages, metadata, article status, licensing information, and related records should be reviewed and corrected when necessary.

Particular attention should be given following website migration, OJS upgrades, journal transfer, domain changes, corrections, retractions, or identified metadata errors.

ACCOUNTABILITY

Responsibilities for DOI Services

Macaw Publications

Maintains publisher-level DOI and metadata principles and supports responsible management of the DOI prefix and associated registration infrastructure.

Individual Journals

Ensure that DOI information displayed for their articles is accurate and consistent with the journal's publication records.

Editors

Support accurate article titles, author information, publication status, corrections, and other scholarly metadata.

Production & Technical Administration

Supports DOI registration, metadata deposit, resolution, URL maintenance, corrections, and technical verification.

RELATED POLICIES

DOI Services Within the Publishing Framework

DOI and Crossref services should be considered together with the wider Macaw Publications scholarly publishing framework, including:

Indexing & Abstracting; Digital Preservation Policy; Open Access, Copyright & Licensing; Publication Ethics & Research Integrity; Post-Publication Corrections & Retractions; and Transparency & Business Practices.

DOI registration supports persistent scholarly identification and linking. Reference to Crossref or another scholarly infrastructure organisation does not imply journal accreditation, certification, ranking, selective indexing, or endorsement beyond the actual service or relationship being described.

DOI SUPPORT

DOI & Metadata Enquiries

Journal-specific DOI enquiries

Questions concerning the DOI assigned to a particular article, incorrect bibliographic information, DOI resolution, or article-level metadata should normally be directed to the editorial office of the relevant journal.

Publisher-level enquiries concerning DOI registration, Crossref metadata, DOI resolution, persistent links, or publisher DOI administration may be directed to:

Macaw Publications
H.No. 4-123/8/172, Road No. 1, Indraprastha Colony,
Hathiguda, Hayath Nagar, Hyderabad,
Telangana – 501505, India

Email: publisher@macawpublications.com

Crossref DOI Prefix: 10.70162 | Page version: 1.0 | Review cycle: Periodic review and revision as required

PERSISTENT SCHOLARLY IDENTIFICATION

Register Accurately. Maintain Persistently. Connect Scholarship Reliably.

Macaw Publications is committed to responsible DOI registration, accurate scholarly metadata, reliable DOI resolution, continuing metadata maintenance, and transparent communication of the role that persistent identifiers play within scholarly publishing.

Persistence • Accuracy • Discoverability • Stewardship