Finite Element Analysis of Micro-Scale Contact Mechanics in Rough Surface Tribological Systems

Abstract

This study examines numerical simulations of advanced contact mechanics in tribological systems in the micro-scale. The study modeled with the help of the finite element modeling (FEM) examines the linkages between normal load, real contact area, frictional forces, and maximum contact pressure in rough-surface systems. The simulations show that there is non-linear development of the real contact area as the normal force is continued to be applied because the surface asperities are deformed. The linear dependence between frictional forces and normal load is in agreement with the law of friction due to Coulomb and confirms the classic models of friction on the micro-level. Interestingly, maximum contact pressure declines with increasing load which illustrates how roughness on the surface can help in the distribution of stress and to alleviate pressure concentration. These results are of immense implication to the engineering and manufacturing of the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), and friction and wear are important characteristics in the reliability of the system. The research also addresses constraints and ways in which the research can be improved in future studies by inclusion of elastic-plastic transitions and environmental impact. The findings, in general, are useful in the understanding of the processes in micro-scale contacts, which contributes to the optimization of micro-scale tribological apparatus.